The Impact of Social Intelligence on the Adaptation of Migrant Workers in the Context of the Covid-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic that has taken over the world has affected all areas of human life. Labor migrants turned out to be one of the most vulnerable social groups before the pandemic. Russia is currently in a state of depopulation – migrants are strategically needed for the country: both as a labor force and as future citizens of the country. The 21st century is called the century of social intelligence, since there is more and more data on the importance of this type of intelligence in sociocultural reality. One of the features of social intelligence is the ability to adapt, correctly evaluate and adequately respond to new life situations. The aim of this work was to assess the impact of social intelligence on the adaptation of labor migrants from Central Asian countries in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result of the study, the following patterns were found: the higher the level of social intelligence, the less often respondents lost their jobs during the pandemic;were more likely to maintain or increase their income levels;more often transferred money to their homeland;there were fewer conflicts in the immediate environment of the migrant. During the pandemic, migrant phobia among the local population increased in Russia, but respondents with average and above average social intelligence did not notice a change in the attitude of local residents towards themselves. The results obtained prove that labor migrants with average and above average social intelligence are better adapted to the conditions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic than migrants with below average social intelligence. © 2022 Tomsk State University. All rights reserved.

European Single Market: Evolution and Modern Challenges

This paper draws on the methods of analysis and synthesis to study the regulatory framework governing the modern operating mechanism of the EU single market. Statistical analysis made it possible to reflect the market dynamics with reference to the pre- and post-COVID crisis periods. Consolidation was applied to merge data on the trade of goods and services – the key elements of the EU Member States' trade indicators. Finally, the method of comparative analysis was employed to compare the single market environment of the EU with markets of other countries. The functioning of the single market depends on shared responsibility between the EU's centralized management and the many policies of its Member States. There are barriers within the single market system that limit the free movement of goods, services, people and capital and lead to an imbalance. These are sanitary and phytosanitary standards, tariff measures, and technical and quantitative barriers. © 2022 University Association for Contemporary European Studies and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Maritime Cruise Industry

Over the past 15 years, sea cruising has been one of the most sought after and profitable trips in the tourism industry, but the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 has made a difference. This topic is relevant, as identifying the key areas for sea cruise recovery and how to implement them in the face of a new coronavirus infection is a major prospect for the development of the field. There is a need to understand how the cruise industry can avert a large-scale crisis and over what period of time this can happen. This article has identified the main reasons for the collapse of the sea cruise industry in the face of a new coronavirus infection. It also analysed statistics on passenger traffic, cash turnover and financial results of the world's five largest cruise companies, comparing their main characteristics. The article identified the main precautions that have been taken on cruise ships to prevent the spread of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 after the reopening of cruise companies in mid-2021. The prospects for resumption of sea cruises and the negative factors that reduce their attractiveness, based on the experience of the COVID-19 pandemic, were also considered. © 2022 The Authors, published by EDP Sciences.

Clinical and Anamnestic Characteristics, Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Long-term Outcomes in Multimorbid Patients after COVID-19

Aim. To study the clinical and anamnestic characteristics, pharmacotherapy of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and long-term outcomes in post-COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular multimorbidity (CVMM), enrolled in the prospective hospital registry. Material and methods. In patients with confirmed COVID-19 included in the TARGET-VIP registry, the CVMM criterion was the presence of two or more CVDs: arterial hypertension (AH), coronary heart disease (CHD), chronic heart failure (CHF), atrial fibrillation (AF). There were 163 patients in the CVMM group and 382 - in the group without CVD. The information was obtained initially from hospital history sheet, and afterwards - from a telephone survey of patients after 30-60 days, 6 and 12 months, from electronic databases. The follow-up period was 13.0 +/- 1.5 months.Results. The age of post-COVID patients with CVMM was 73.7 +/- 9.6 years, without CVD - 49.4 +/- 12.4 years (p<0.001), the proportion of men was 53.9% and 58.4% (p=0.34). In the group with CVMM the majority of patients had AH (92.3-93.3%), CHD (90.4-91.4%), and minority - CHF (42.7-46.0%) and AF (42.9-43.4%). The combination of 3-4 CVDs prevailed (58.9-60.3%). The proportion of cases of chronic non-cardiac pathologies was higher in the CVMM group (80.9%) compared to the group without CVD (36.7%;p<0.001). The frequency of proper cardiovascular pharmacotherapy during the follow-up period decreased from 56.8% to 51.3% (p for trend = 0.18). The frequency of anticoagulant therapy in AF decreased significantly: from 89.1% at the discharge from the hospital to 56.4% after 30-60 days (p=0.001), 57.1% and 53.6% after 6 and 12 months of monitoring (p for a trend <0.001). There were no other significant changes in the frequency of other kinds of the proper cardiovascular pharmacotherapy (p>0.05). There were higher rate of all-cause mortality among patients with CMMM (12.9% vs 2.9%, p<0.001) as well as rates of hospitalization (34.7% and 9.9%, p<0.001) and non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI) - 2.5% vs 0.5% (p=0.048). The proportion of new cases of CVD in the groups with CVMM and without CVD was 5.5% and 3.7% (p=0.33). The incidence of acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI)/influenza was higher in the group without CVD - 28.3% vs 19.0% (p=0.02). The proportion of cases of recurrent COVID-19 in groups with CVMM and without CVD was 3.7 % and 1.8% (p=0.19).Conclusion. Post COVID-19 patients with CVMM were older and had the bigger number of chronic non-cardiac diseases than patients without CVD. The quality of cardiovascular pharmacotherapy in patients with CVMM was insufficient at the discharge from the hospital with following non-significant decrease during 12 months of follow-up. The frequency of anticoagulant therapy in AF decreased by 1.6 times after 30-60 days and by 1.7 times during the year of follow-up. The proportion of new cases of CVD was 5.5% and 3.7% with no significant differences between compared groups. The rate of all-cause mortality, hospitalizations and non-fatal MI was significantly higher in patients with CVMM, but the frequency of ARVI/influenza was significantly higher in patients without CVD. Recurrent COVID-19 was registered in 3.7% and 1.8% of cases, there were no significant differences be-tween compared groups.

Long-term follow-up of patients after COVID-19: adherence to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and immune status

Objective. To assess the adherence of COVID-19 convalescents to vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 and immune status based on long-term follow-up (12 months or more after hospital discharge). Material and methods. Using the TARGET-VIP registry, 775 patients (age 57.5+/-1.4 years;50.6% males) with the in-hospital diagnosis of COVID-19 were followed for 13.7+/-3.0 months after discharge. Comparison groups included 190 (24.5%) subjects vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 and 585 (75.5%) unvaccinated during the follow-up period. Immune status was assessed in a representative sample of 283 (36.5%) patients (age 56.9+/-12.7 years, 44.9% males) who came for outpatient visits 14.6+/-4.1 months after hospital discharge, including 97 (34.3%) vaccinated and 186 (65.7%) unvaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. Results. No significant differences were found between the SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated and unvaccinated groups in age, gender char-acteristics, cardiovascular disease rate, chronic non-cardiac disease rate, and proportion of smokers. In the unvaccinated group, a higher proportion of patients with a history of ICU treatment for COVID-19 and/or grade 3-4 lung injury measured by CT scans was observed: 55.0% versus 46.8% (p=0.048). The vaccinated group included less active smokers: 3.7% versus 6.0% (p=0.22). Among the patients who came to the visit, antibody titer of IgG type N was increased in 50.4% of cases, and antibody titer of IgG type S (quantitatively) - in 98.6% of cases. After 14.6+/-4.1 months of follow-up, the SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated group (12.3+/-2.7 months after COVID-19) had higher IgG type S levels (505+/-103 versus 376+/-171 BAU/mL;p<0.001) compared with unvaccinated patients and no statistically significant difference in IgG (type N) and IgM titers. The SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated group had significantly higher rates of influenza vaccination both before COVID-19 (34.8% versus 21.9%;p=0.0004) and after hospitalization for COVID-19 (37.0% versus 15.0%;p<0.0001) compared with the unvaccinated group. After COVID-19, compared to the period before hospitalization, the proportion of vaccinated against influenza in the group vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 increased (from 34.8% to 37.0%;p=0.65) and decreased in the group unvaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 (from 21.9% to 15.0%;p=0.003). Conclusion. The study showed that only 24.5% of COVID-19 survivors were subsequently vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 over a fol-low-up period of 13.7+/-3.0 months. One year after hospital discharge, 50.4% of patients had elevated IgG type N titer, and 98.6% of patients had high IgG type S titer, significantly higher in vaccinated patients. Adherence to influenza vaccination after hospitalization for COVID-19 increased in patients subsequently vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 and decreased in unvaccinated patients. Copyright © 2022, Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved.

Effective antibiotic therapy for community-acquired otorhinolaryngological respiratory infection (clinical description)

The State Report on the state of sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population in the Russian Federation speaks of the continued growth of respiratory infections, reaching more than 33 million cases and amounting to more than 606 billion rubles of direct economic damage in 2021. Of particular importance is the new coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2, and manifestations of its various new genovariants, for example, variant B.1.1.529 called omicron, causes various inflammatory nosologies on the part of the mucous membranes of the ENT organs (acute rhinosinusitis, acute tonsillopharyngitis, acute otitis media). The viral agent, damaging the epithelium of the upper respiratory tract, creates favorable conditions for the activation of the micro-bial flora. Identification of a respiratory agent is most often carried out only in severe cases of the disease, so the basic diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms. The relevance of studying the rational use of antibacterial drugs in the treatment of community-acquired respiratory infections in practical otorhinolaryngology is associated not only with the frequency of occurrence, but with a high risk of complications. As a rule, antibacterial drugs are actively used in the complex therapy of acute bacterial etiology of the upper respiratory tract. Due to the high variability and increasing antibiotic resistance, antimicrobial agents are not always rationally used for outpatients. In this context, as noted in the clinical guidelines, one of the topical issues is the rational dosed use of antibacterial drugs in accordance with the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and efficacy of prescribing a cephalospo-rin antibiotic in the form of dispersible tablets in the treatment of patients with acute inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract and ear, as an example, clinical cases. © 2022, Remedium Group Ltd. All rights reserved.

Clinical and Anamnestic Characteristics, Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Long-term Outcomes in Multimorbid Patients after COVID-19

Aim. To study the clinical and anamnestic characteristics, pharmacotherapy of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and long-term outcomes in post-COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular multimorbidity (CVMM), enrolled in the prospective hospital registry. Material and methods. In patients with confirmed COVID-19 included in the TARGET-VIP registry, the CVMM criterion was the presence of two or more CVDs: arterial hypertension (AH), coronary heart disease (CHD), chronic heart failure (CHF), atrial fibrillation (AF). There were 163 patients in the CVMM group and 382 - in the group without CVD. The information was obtained initially from hospital history sheet, and afterwards - from a telephone survey of patients after 30-60 days, 6 and 12 months, from electronic databases. The follow-up period was 13.0+/-1.5 months. Results. The age of post-COVID patients with CVMM was 73.7+/-9.6 years, without CVD - 49.4+/-12.4 years (p<0.001), the proportion of men was 53.9% and 58.4% (p=0.34). In the group with CVMM the majority of patients had AH (92.3-93.3%), CHD (90.4-91.4%), and minority - CHF (42.7-46.0%) and AF (42.9-43.4%). The combination of 3-4 CVDs prevailed (58.9-60.3%). The proportion of cases of chronic non-cardiac pathologies was higher in the CVMM group (80.9%) compared to the group without CVD (36.7%;p<0.001). The frequency of proper cardiovascular pharmacotherapy during the follow-up period decreased from 56.8% to 51.3% (p for trend = 0.18). The frequency of anticoagulant therapy in AF decreased significantly: from 89.1% at the discharge from the hospital to 56.4% after 30-60 days (p=0.001), 57.1% and 53.6% after 6 and 12 months of monitoring (p for a trend <0.001). There were no other significant changes in the frequency of other kinds of the proper cardiovascular pharmacotherapy (p>0.05). There were higher rate of all-cause mortality among patients with CMMM (12.9% vs 2.9%, p<0.001) as well as rates of hospitalization (34.7% and 9.9%, p<0.001) and non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI) - 2.5% vs 0.5% (p=0.048). The proportion of new cases of CVD in the groups with CVMM and without CVD was 5.5% and 3.7% (p=0.33). The incidence of acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI)/influenza was higher in the group without CVD - 28.3% vs 19.0% (p=0.02). The proportion of cases of recurrent COVID-19 in groups with CVMM and without CVD was 3.7 % and 1.8% (p=0.19). Conclusion. Post COVID-19 patients with CVMM were older and had the bigger number of chronic non-cardiac diseases than patients without CVD. The quality of cardiovascular pharmacotherapy in patients with CVMM was insufficient at the discharge from the hospital with following non-significant decrease during 12 months of follow-up. The frequency of anticoagulant therapy in AF decreased by 1.6 times after 30-60 days and by 1.7 times during the year of follow-up. The proportion of new cases of CVD was 5.5% and 3.7% with no significant differences between compared groups. The rate of all-cause mortality, hospitalizations and non-fatal MI was significantly higher in patients with CVMM, but the frequency of ARVI/influenza was significantly higher in patients without CVD. Recurrent COVID-19 was registered in 3.7% and 1.8% of cases, there were no significant differences between compared groups. Copyright © 2022 Stolichnaya Izdatelskaya Kompaniya. All rights reserved.

The Impact of Social Intelligence on the Adaptation of Migrant Workers in the Context of the Covid-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic that has taken over the world has affected all areas of human life. Labor migrants turned out to be one of the most vulnerable social groups before the pandemic. Russia is currently in a state of depopulation - migrants are strategically needed for the country: both as a labor force and as future citizens of the country. The 21st century is called the century of social intelligence, since there is more and more data on the importance of this type of intelligence in sociocultural reality. One of the features of social intelligence is the ability to adapt, correctly evaluate and adequately respond to new life situations. The aim of this work was to assess the impact of social intelligence on the adaptation of labor migrants from Central Asian countries in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result of the study, the following patterns were found: the higher the level of social intelligence, the less often respondents lost their jobs during the pandemic;were more likely to maintain or increase their income levels;more often transferred money to their homeland;there were fewer conflicts in the immediate environment of the migrant. During the pandemic, migrant phobia among the local population increased in Russia, but respondents with average and above average social intelligence did not notice a change in the attitude of local residents towards themselves. The results obtained prove that labor migrants with average and above average social intelligence are better adapted to the conditions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic than migrants with below average social intelligence.

[COVID-19-associated mucormycosis in ophthalmological practice in the Volgograd region]. / COVID-19-assotsiirovannyi mukormikoz v oftal'mologicheskoi praktike Volgogradskogo regiona.

The problem of fungal infections in the era of COVID-19 has acquired special significance. This infection, directly or indirectly, through the use of glucocorticoids and antibiotics in its treatment, as well as poorer self-management of chronic diseases, has led to a wide spread of risk factors for fungal diseases among people who have had a novel coronavirus infection. The article presents two cases of COVID-19-associated mycosis, more related to mucormycosis, which were diagnosed by ophthalmologists in the Volgograd region. In the first case, the severe course of rhino-orbito-cerebral form of mucormycosis required a number of surgical interventions and prolonged treatment in the intensive care unit. In the second case, the patient asked for help without signs of aggravation of the general condition, but with irreversible local manifestations. In both cases, the eyeball was removed. Morphological examination revealed aseptal ribbon hyphae of different diameters, branching mainly at right angles, more typical for fungi of the Mucorales family. Due to the severe consequences of the disease, clinicians, including ophthalmologists, need to be especially alertness in patients with the described symptoms and risk factors in the post-COVID period.

Selecting effective action strategies for the participants in a hospitalization process with the use of a fuzzy cooperative game and a genetic algorithm

Introduction: The use of linear programming methods in making decisions on hospitalization in a fragile epidemiological situation may be hampered by the necessity to take account of a large number of parameters and limitations of the participants. Purpose: Development of an approach to selecting effective action strategies for the participants in a hospitalization process, with social factors taken into consideration. The approach is based on the theory of cooperative games which are solved with the use of a genetic algorithm. Results: A cost function has been developed for evaluating the effectiveness of the hospitalization process on the basis of the selected strategies and in consideration of social factors. A genetic algorithm has been designed in which the proposed effectiveness evaluation function is used as a fitness function for a population, while to determine chromosomes of individuals in the population the set of selected strategies of the hospitalization process participants is used. The approach has been tested using the data on hospitalizations of patients with suspected COVID-19, that were provided by several ambulance stations in Saint-Petersburg, Russia. The study shows the superiority of the proposed approach over the previously developed one in terms of the speed of solving a cooperative game, the quality of the solution being maintained. Practical relevance: Some software which is based on the proposed approach can be integrated into an ambulance dispatcher’s automated workstation to support decision-making during the process of hospitalization in a fragile epidemiological situation. © 2022 Saint Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation. All rights reserved.

Semantic segmentation and quantification of lung lesions caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection by machine learning methods

Segmentation of chest and lung images plays a crucial role in supporting disease diagnosis, treatment planning, and surgical navigation. For accurate segmentation of lung images, this paper proposes a CT image segmentation algorithm based on classical methods and neural networks using machine learning methods. The neural network and machine learning approach has been thoroughly analyzed in comparison with standard segmentation methods (threshold detection, K-means clustering, histogram-based approach, and boundary detection). The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is highly competitive. © 2022 Author(s).

Long-term outcomes in patients after COVID-19: Data from the TARGET-VIP registry

Aim. To assess long-term outcomes within 12 months after hospital treatment of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as part of a prospective registry. Material and methods. Outcomes in the posthospital period were assessed in 827 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 (age, 58,0±14,8 years;men, 51,3%). For periods of 30-60 days, 6 and 12 months after discharge from the hospital,cases of death, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke, hospitalization, acute respiratory viral infections/influenza were assessed. The follow-up period was 13,0±1,5 months. Results. During the follow-up period, 35 (4,2%) patients died, 6 (0,73%) and 4 (0,48%) cases of MI and stroke were registered. In addition, 142 (17%) patients were hospitalized, while 217 (26,2%) patients had acute respiratory viral infections/influenza. Factors of age and length of intensive care unit stay were significantly associated (p<0,001) with the risk of all-cause death (hazard ratio (HR)=1,085 per 1 year of life and HR=6,98, respectively), with the risk of composite endpoint (death, non-fatal MI and stroke): HR=1,081 per 1 year of life and HP=4,47. Of the 35 deaths, 11 (31%) were within the first 30 days of follow-up, and 19 (54%) — 90 days after discharge from the hospital. A higher probability of hospitalization was associated with older age (odds ratio (OR)=1,038;p<0,001), while a higher probability of acute respiratory viral infections/influenza was associated with younger age (OR=0,976 per 1 year of life;p<0,001) and female sex (OR=1,414;p=0,03). Conclusion. A prospective follow-up of 827 patients in the TARGET-VIP registry revealed that 12-month mortality was 4,2%, while more than half of the deaths (54%) were registered in the first 90 days, including 31% — for the first month after discharge from the hospital. The most common events were hospitalizations (17,0%) and acute respiratory viral infections/influenza (26,2%), while the rarest were myocardial infarction (0,73%) and stroke (0,48%). The key factors associated with 12-month mortality in the post-COVID-19 period were older age and intensive care unit stay during the reference hospitalization. A higher readmission rate during the follow-up period was associated with older age, and the prevalence of acute respiratory viral infections /influenza during the follow-up period was associated with younger patients and female sex.

European Single Market: Evolution and Modern Challenges

This paper draws on the methods of analysis and synthesis to study the regulatory framework governing the modern operating mechanism of the EU single market. Statistical analysis made it possible to reflect the market dynamics with reference to the pre- and post-COVID crisis periods. Consolidation was applied to merge data on the trade of goods and services - the key elements of the EU Member States' trade indicators. Finally, the method of comparative analysis was employed to compare the single market environment of the EU with markets of other countries. The functioning of the single market depends on shared responsibility between the EU's centralized management and the many policies of its Member States. There are barriers within the single market system that limit the free movement of goods, services, people and capital and lead to an imbalance. These are sanitary and phytosanitary standards, tariff measures, and technical and quantitative barriers.

Ambulance Vehicle Routing under Pandemic with Fuzzy Cooperative Game via Smart Contracts

The pandemic caused by COVID-19 virus has posed a challenge for healthcare systems in many countries. One of the important tasks facing after a sick person detection is the timely patient's transportation to a hospital. When making a decision on transportation to the hospital, it is necessary to account for many parameters, including beds space availability, availability of hospital staff and medicines required by the treatment protocol, diagnostic equipment on ambulance team, the distance to the hospital, ambulance vehicle locations, as well as hospital and ambulance staff psychophysical state, and patient's reaction to hospitalization. Some of them can be gathered through smart city sources, like city databases or operational systems, but most of them require access to medical services. It is proposed to consider hospitals as participants of a cooperative game, whose overall goal is to ensure the maximum of cured patients. To describe the psychophysical state of the personnel, as well as to ensure greater variability of the resulting solution, the game parameters are proposed to be set using fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic. To implement the game rules, it is proposed to use smart contracts in blockchain technology. The blockchain could also be used to provide access to data from medical services, store and distribute the current state of hospitals, and save processing results for later analysis and model refinement.

Issues of Digital Business Transformation in the Current Context

The issues of digital transformation of business in the current context are more pressing than ever. Most entrepreneurs and scientists have two views on the digital economy. In their eyes, it can be an impetus for further business development, but for many of us it is an incomprehensible value, and, therefore, a potential danger. Digital transformation carries many risks that need to be identified and dealt with. In response to contemporary challenges, it raises the question of creating new models of business management because “old” traditional methods have reached their limits in the digital world. A huge positive and explosive growth in cyberspace does not mean a more prosperous future for the global economy. They go hand in hand with the greatest risks and cyber threats that are growing as the digital economy expands. In addition, while studying the latest issues of digitalization in business, it is also necessary to consider the opportunities and advantages that arise when using new technologies in order to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. The development of advanced technologies, neural networks and convergent innovations will ultimately allow the global economy to overcome the economic crisis more painlessly, which has arisen due to the pandemic. This paper proposes the analysis of the essence of the digital economy, examines some of its aspects, and identifies possible risks that may carry the transformational processes of transition to the digital economy. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

The Impact of the Pandemic on Demographic Processes in the Russian Arctic

Russia has achieved a high level of Internet connectivity and the use of digital technologies;this helps to accumulate and systematize huge amounts of population data. Modern challenges, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, require a more prompt and detailed analysis of the demographic situation. Understanding the information collected by digital platforms and services can improve the quality of decision-making and be widely used in science and management. The aim of our study is to assess the change in the demographic situation in the Russian Arctic under the influence of the pandemic, with the use of new sources of population data that have emerged as a result of digitalization of the economy and public life. The article proposes an outline for the formation of a demographic knowledge base by combining traditional population statistics with data from digital platforms. We consider advantages and disadvantages of new data sources, features and examples of their application. We provide a detailed description of demographic processes in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation in 2020-2021 with the use of municipal statistics, data from Yandex online platforms and international pandemic databases. With the help of the proposed outline, we consider the dynamics of morbidity, mortality and vaccination against coronavirus infection. We study the reaction of the population of the Russian Arctic to the pandemic by analyzing the structure of search queries and the intensity of movement in city streets. We reveal the specifics of the spread of COVID-19 in the Arctic and estimate the impact of the pandemic on the natural population change and human mobility in the Arctic Zone. We calculate excess mortality at the regional and municipal levels. Based on the vaccination rates, we draw conclusions about the prospects for further development of the pandemic. The results obtained can be used for development of socio-demographic policy measures and construction of demographic forecasts for the Northern and Arctic territories.

Features of Development of Sea Cruise Tourism

The article is devoted to the study of sea cruises. What distinguishes them from other types of cruises is the use of large cruise ships. The purpose of most travel is to provide passengers with the opportunity to relax and visit different countries. The study shows how cruise tourism developed, how it experienced the most difficult crises (the SARS epidemic, the 2008-2009 recession, the COVID-19 pandemic), as well as a quantitative and qualitative analysis, a comparison of maritime and world tourism indicators. It has been proven that the sea cruise market survives crises much more easily than other industries. © 2022 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V.

Dynamics of age characteristics and prevalence of concomitant cardiovascular and nonсardiovascular diseases in patients hospitalized with COVID19 during epidemic wave: data from TARGETVIP registry

Aim. According to hospitalbased registry, to evaluate the age characteristics and prevalence of concomitant cardiovascular and nonсardiovascular diseases in patients hospitalized with COVID19 during epidemic wave. Material and methods. The TARGETVIP register included 1130 patients aged 57,5±12,8 years (men, 51,2%) hospitalized at the Pirogov National Medical and Surgical Center from April 6, 2020 to June 22, 2020 with COVID19. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) were diagnosed in 51,6% of patients, nonсardiovascular chronic diseases — in 48,6%, while CVDs and/or nonсardiovascular chronic diseases — in 65,8% of patients. Results. The average age of patients significantly increased by an average of 0,77 years per week (p<0,001), while the difference between the 1st week (52,8 years) and 11th week (62,2 years) was 9,4 years;the proportion of men did not change significantly. The proportion of patients with CVDs increased significantly — from 34,2% to 66,7%, on average by 3,7% per week (p<0,001;Incidence Risk Ratio (IRR)=1,037;95% confidence interval (CI), 1,0171,058), with chronic noncardiovascular diseases — from 32,5% to 43,2%, on average by 2,5% per week (p<0,001;IRR=1,025;95% CI, 1,0021,049), as well as those with CVDs and/or chronic noncardiovascular diseases — from 47,5% to 75,3%, on average by 3,2% per week (p<0,001;IRR=1,032;95% CI, 1,0171,048). Over the entire period, the proportion of people with hypertension (HTN) was 47,0%, with coronary artery disease (CAD) — 15,4%, with heart failure (HF) — 4,0%, and with atrial fibrillation (AF) — 10,1%. The proportion of patients with НTN increased by 9,5% (p<0,001;OR=1,095;95% CI, 1,0471,144), with СAD — by 9,4% (p=0,01;OR=1,094;95% CI, 1,0221,172) and with AF — by 9,4% (p<0,001;OR=1,094;95% CI, 1,0231,170) per week. The proportion of patients with diabetes was 16,5%, with respiratory diseases — 11,4%, with chronic kidney disease (CKD) — 12,6%, with digestive diseases — 22,5%, with obesity — 6,1%. During the epidemic wave, the most pronounced increase in the proportion of patients with CKD was by 6,2% (p=0,036;OR=1,062;95% CI, 1,0041,124) and with digestive diseases — by 6,0% (p=0,01;OR=1,060;95% CI, 1,0141,109) per week. Conclusion. According to the 11week TARGETVIP registry, the age of patients increased by 9,4 years, CVD cases — by 1,9 times (mainly HTN, CAD, AF), and chronic nonсardiovascular pathology — by 1,3 times (mainly CKD and digestive diseases). These trends in hospital practice corresponded to a weekly increase in the proportion of patients with a higher risk of fatal and nonfatal complications, which is the basis for further research in order to develop a system for a comprehensive prognostic assessment of the degree and rate of increase in the load on hospitals during COVID19 epidemic wave.

Prehospital Period in Patients with COVID-19: Cardiovascular Comorbidity and Pharmacotherapy During the First Epidemic Wave (Hospital Registry Data)

Aim. Based on the data from the register of patients with COVID-19 and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), analyze the duration of the prehospital period, cardiovascular comorbidity and the quality of prehospital pharmacotherapy of concomitant cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Material and methods. Patients were included to the study which admitted to the FSBI "NMHC named after N.I. Pirogov" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation with a suspected or confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 and/or CAP. The data for prehospital therapy, information from medical histories and a patients’survey in the hospital or by telephone contact 1-2 weeks after discharge were study. The duration of the prehospital stage was determined from the date of the appearance of clinical symptoms of coronavirus infection to the date of hospitalization. Results. The average age of the patients (n=1130;579 [51.2%] men and 551 [48.8%] women) was 57.5±12.8 years. The prehospital stage was 7 (5,0;10,0) days and did not differ significantly in patients with the presence and absence of CVD, but was significantly less in the deceased than in the surviving patients, as well as in those who required artificial lung ventilation (ALV). 583 (51.6%) patients had at least one CVD. Cardiovascular comorbidity was registered in 222 (42.7%) patients with hypertension, 210 (95.5%) patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), 104 (91.2%) patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). The inclusion of non-cardiac chronic diseases in the analysis led to an increase in the total proportion of patients with concomitant diseases to 65.8%. Approximately a quarter of hypertensive patients did not receive antihypertensive therapy, a low proportion of patients receiving antiplatelet agents and statins for CHD was revealed – 53% and 31.8%, respectively, anticoagulants for AF – 50.9%. Conclusion. The period from the onset of symptoms to hospitalization was significantly shorter in the deceased than in the surviving patients, as well as in those who required ALV. The proportion of people with a history of at least one CVD was about half of the entire cohort of patients. In patients with CVD before COVID-19 disease, a low frequencies of prescribing antihypertensive drugs, statins, antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants (in patients with AF) were recorded at the prehospital stage. © 2021 Stolichnaya Izdatelskaya Kompaniya. All rights reserved.